organized and of a higher standard than ever before. Proof of this quality could be found in the students:

. . o wherever our students have been ”put to it” they have stood the test among the best. They have held the highest ranks in the county examinations in this and other stateso Several of our graduates have entered professional schools afterwards, and they have held the highest ranks and honor; in more than a majority of the cases, they led in scholar— ship. This has been so in the Theological, Medical, and in the Trades Schools, both in our church work and otherso

Although both men agreed on the necessity for intellectual and industrial (manual) development for their race, Chavis differed from Grandison in that Chavis considered the ability 52 think, not the abi- lity to grow economically through skills, as the key to the advancement of the black race. To this end he stressed the need for higher educa— tion:

. . . not withstanding the trades and skill in industrial eduw cation, developed brains, the thinking faculty of man, are go— ing to rule a nation. Such development has always been found . . . among the scholars of that race or nationo . o . The

power to think will rule ever. This power cgn be most fully acquired through Higher Christian Education. 7

That Chavis' philosophy of “knowledge is power”88 influenced the stu» dents is evident from the following titles of orations given at the May

22, l902, commencement exercises: ”Principles, Not Men,“ “The Influence

of Literature Upon the Ages,"and ”Heroes of the Twentieth Century.”89

861bid., p. 7. 871bid°

88See this maxim on the cover and title page of the school's Annual Catalogue for l900.

89Printed program in the possession of Mrs. Pearl Hogan. May 22 (no year) was printed on the program but careful calculations led to the conclusion that the year was I902° Mrs, Hogan, a graduate at that time, sang a selection titled “Dear Heart.“