the Northern churches, for it never split into Northern and Southern

53 In l869, the Rev: J. w. Hood, assistant superintendent of

factions. public instruction of North Carolina, reported that the Episcopal Church was supporting eight parish schools for Negroes.54 In con operatiOn with the Freedmen‘s Bureau, the Episcopal Church established St. Michael's Church and Industrial School at Charlotte in 1882 and St. Augustine's College in Raleigh in 1867.55

Two other Northern denominations were responsible for Negro

schools. The Christian Church of the North established Franklin Literm

ary and Theological Christian Institute in Franklinton in 1880.56 In

l903, the Synodical Conference of North America (Lutheran) established Immanuel Lutheran College at Greensboro.57

The above survey indicates that aside from the Methodist Epis» copal Church, Northern churches with predominantly white membership

were responsible for a minimum of 57 schools for North Carolina Negroes.

53Frank S. Mead, Handbook 2: Denominations in the United States (new fourth edition, New York: Abingdon Press, 1965), p. 186.

SASuperintendent of Public Instruction, Annual Report, l869, pp. l6-22, from Gobbel, 93. £13., p. 189.

55w. N. Hartshorne, fin Era of Progress and Promise, l863~l9l0, (n.p., n.d.), pp. 253, 257, from Brown, 23‘ cit., p. 27.

56Cooke, 23' cit., p. l2.

57The Rev. Mr. William H. Kampschmitt, M. A., President, Immanw uel Lutheran College, Greensboro, N. C., letter to H. V. Brown, October, 1958, from Brown, 23. cit., p. 27.